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'" '"?'"'"?'"'#? ?(# (# (# ?(# (# (#? )$ )$)$)$?)$?*$0*%0*%0*%p*%p@+%`@+%`@?+&@?+&?,&,&,&,'?,'?-'-'??-'?.(?.(? .(? ?.(? .)? /)? /) /) /)  0*  0*  0*  1*  1+  ?1+  2+ 8 >8 >9 @`0>9 pp >9 0??>9 8>9 ?:?:?:?:>?:?:?:??;?;@;@;@;@;@;@;@;@<?@<@<A<A<A<A<A<A<A=A=?A=A=B=B=B=B=B=B>B>?B>B>C>C>CSEAEXPLR.PCX*:*0 p.CG TimesBold Italic/*Ap`Univers3|B( U$   dSea Exploring: A Young Adult Program of the BSA,Promotional Flyer $ ' .Bruce Chr. Johnson.0Bruce Chr. Johnson .   '~ҟ%vHP LaserJet 6L,..,0CE( UMinto, Bill U!   _XX   ZJFz ,`5DGG@ H@EXX T$T$T$T$ Q XX  6B   QԀSeaScouting X  Xb`X 6B XXX Xb`̀ AYOUNGADULTPROGRAMOFTHEBOYSCOUTSOFAMERICA  ?X X \  T$T$T$T$? ' (#dEu  ? v     &2% ?(<X<@T$T$(THEHISTORYOFSEASCOUTING   % &2 Q   SeaScoutinghaditsbeginningatacampfireinEngland   whenLordBadenPowellvoicedthehopethatolder  M  Scoutswouldbeinterestedinlearningaboutboat _   managementandseamanship.Hestressedtheneedfor   youngmentopreparethemselvesforserviceontheir {  country'sships. 5  Followingthecampfire,therewasactivityinEnglandthat L resultedinLordBaden-Powell'solderbrother,Warington, ^ writingabookcalledSeaScoutingandSeamanshipfor  Boys.Itwasenthusiasticallyreceivedbytheyoungmen z ofBritainandsoonfounditswaytotheUnitedStates. 4 SeaScoutinginAmericawasfoundedin1912.That K year,ArthurA.CareyofWaltham,Massachusetts,had ] SeaScoutsusingtheschoonerPioneerandwas  appointedChairmanoftheNationalCouncilCommittee y onSeaScouting.Thatsummer,CharlesT.Longstreth 3 organizedaSeaScoutpatrolonhisyachtinPhiladelphia. E BothofthesemenpreparedpamphletsonSeaScouting  andCarey'sCruisingforSeaScoutswasthefirst a literaturerelatedtoSeaScouting. s AbookletthatprecededthefirstSeaScoutmanual 2 publishedin1915gavesomedirectiontoSeaScouting. D  ItwasentitledNauticalScoutingandwascompiledby ! CharlesLongstreth. `" Sinceitsbeginning,theBoyScoutsofAmericahadbeen w$ awareoftheneedforanolderboyprogram.Mr.Carey 1% madethefirstrealefforttosatisfythatneedwhenhe C & helpedpromoteSeaScoutingwithhispamphlet.  ' InareporttotheNationalExecutiveBoard,Mr.Carey ") recommendedthatSeaScoutingberecognizedasa "v * specialdepartmentoftheBoyScoutsofAmerica.He #0!+ suggestedthatthepamphletCruisingforSeaScoutsbe B$!, acceptedasasupplementtotheHandbookforBoysuntil $"- amorecompleteSeaScoutmanualcouldbewritten. %^#. From1912to1917,SeaScoutingstruggledthrougha &u$0 difficultperiod.Andyet,withlittleornonational '/%1 guidance,itmanagedtogrow. A(%2 Inaddition,G.V.L.Meyer,SecretaryoftheNavy,in X)'4 February1913,encouragedthedevelopmentofSea *'5 ScoutingandextendedthecooperationoftheNavy *t(6 Department.Thiswasthebeginningofafruitfulperiodof +.)7 cooperationforSeaScoutingwiththenation'sarmed @,)8 services. ,*9 SeaScoutingreceivedarealboostinOctober1917, .+; whenJamesAustinWilder(aveteransailor,global .s,< traveler,artist,anddevotedBoyScoutvolunteer)was /--= securedasDirectoroftheDepartmentofSeaScoutingof ?0-> theBoyScoutsofAmerica.Forseveralyears,asa Q > volunteer,Mr.WilderworkedfulltimeforSeaScouting  ? withthetitleofChiefSeaScout.  m @ HeorganizedthescatteredSeaScoutunitsinfoa  B nationalorganizationthatgeneratedthefirstwidespread  > C interestinSeaScouting.Gatheringalloftheexperience P D andscatteredbitsofliteratureusedintheprogram,Mr.   E WildersupervisedthepreparationofthefirstSeaScout l F Manualin1919.Inthosedays,SeaScoutingfolloweda ~&G patternofactionthatwasverysimilartothatofaBoy 8H Scouttroop;forexample:boysworekhakiuniforms.In I ordertoregister,theyhadtosubscribetotheScoutOath TJ andlawandpasstheTenderfootrequirements. fK Membershiprequiredthataboybe15yearsofageand  L weighatleast112pounds. M FormanyyearstheSeaScoutprogramwasaimedat O olderboyswhohadgraduatedfromBoyScouttroops. SP SeaScoutunitsbegantobecalledships.Theage-old e Q organizationofskippers,mates,boatswains,coxswains R andcrewsbegantobeused. S OnJuly15,1920,thewell-illustratedfourtheditionof U theSeaScoutManualwasprintedandsoldinlarge RV quantities.Thencameaperiodof2or3yearsinwhich d W SeaExploringstruggledtoberecognizedandunderstood. X Althoughmembershipfelloff,theprogramprovedhealthy Y enoughtowithstandthisperiodofadjustment.Finallyit :Z begantogrowasmorecouncilsgaveitenthusiastic L[ support. \ Overtheyears,oneofthepersonsmostresponsiblefor  ^ thedevelopmentofSeaScoutingwasCommander  _ ThomasJ.Keane.Between1922and1925,he !9` completelyrevisedtheSeaScoutprogram.Hewrotethe K"a newrequirementsforadvancementandchangedtheBoy # b ScoutnatureofSeaExploreruniformsintotheseagoing #g!c uniformthatSeaExplorersstillweartoday.Asaresultof y$!"d hisfineleadership,theSeaScoutManualwasalmost 3%"e completelyrevised.Underhisdirection,itwaspublished %#f in1924. &O$g CommanderKeaneservedasactingdirectoroftheSea 'f%i Scoutdepartmentinthenationalofficefrom1923until x( &j January15,1927.Hisannualreportof1925indicates 2)&k thattherewere85registeredSeaScoutships.Asimilar )'l reportin1926revealedanincreaseof38shipsforatotal *N(m of123ships `+)n In1927,CommanderKeanewasappointedthenational w,*p directorofSeaScouting,itsfirstfull-timeprofessional 1-*q director.Intheyearsthatfollowed,therewasamarked -+r increaseinthenumberofunitsandboysregisteredinSea .M,s Scouting.By1930themembershiphadreached8,043 _/-t youngmen.Inthe1930's,withthecooperationofother 0-u departmentsinthenationalofficeoftheBoyScoutsof X America,hedevelopedtrainingcoursesforleaders,new  registrationprocedures,andmoreacceptableSeaScout t equipmentanduniforms. . Amajorrevisionofthemanualwasmadein1939bythe E nationalcommittee.ThenewversionwaswrittenbyCarl W D.Lane,anoutstandingskipperandauthorofmany  booksandarticlesaboutsmallshipsandthesea. s Withamembershipofmorethan27,000,SeaScouting   serveditscountrywellinWorldWarII.Commander  D  KeanewasrecalledtoactiveserviceintheNavyand V   resignedhispositionisnationaldirectorofSeaScouting.    ThousandsuponthousandsofformerandactiveSea '  ScoutsjoinedtheNavyandmadeatremendous   impressiononAdmiralChesterNimitzwhosincerely  C  believedthatSeaExplorerswerebettertrainedandbetter U  equippedtohelptheNavywinoutovertheenemyand   theelements. q  Throughouttherestofthe1940's,SeaScouting  continuedtoservetheboysofAmericawhowere B interestedintheloreofthesea.SeaScoutsalloverthe T nationparticipatedinfloodreliefandcommunityservice.  Theywereinevidenceatnationaljamborees.SeaScout p shipsacrossthecountryheldcompetitiveandevents * knownisrendezvousandregattas. < Basedonthewrittenreportofshipactivities-theshiplog S -anationalcommitteeselectedtheshipwiththemost   outstandingrecordtobethenationalflagship.Quite o  surprisingly,oneyearthishonorwasachievedbyaSea )! ScoutshiplocatedintheratheraridstateofKansas.Its ;" SkipperwasDr.WilliamC.Menninger,oneoftheearly # greatsinSeaScouting. W$ InMay1949,theNationalExecutiveBoardmade n& sweepingchangesintheolder-boyprogram,asaresult (' ofastudymadebytheResearchServiceoftheBoy :( ScoutsofAmerica.ThisrevisionofSeniorScouting ) recognizedasExplorersallyoungmenwhowere14 V* yearsofageorolderandregisteredwiththeBoyScouts h+ ofAmerica. " , So,onSeptember1,1949,theSeaScoutsofficially 9!. becameSeaExplorers.Thiswasprimarilyachangein !/ terminologysincetheoldSeaScoutprogramcontinued "U 0 muchthesameisithadinthepast. g#!1 In1954,theNationalExecutiveBoardoftheBoyScouts ~$&"3 ofAmericaauthorizedtheResearchInstituteforSocial 8%"4 ServiceoftheUniversityofMichigantomakeanational %#5 studyofadolescentboys.Thissurveyrevealedtheneeds, &T$6 desires,andconcernsof14to16yearoldboysacross f'%7 thenation.Asaresult,acompletelynewExplorer  (%8 programwasdevelopedandputintoeffectonJanuary1, (&9 1959.However,thisdidnotbringaboutachangeinSea )<': Exploring.Itwasdecidedthatchangesshouldbe N*'; postponeduntiltherehadbeensufficienttimetoobserve +(< SeaExploringinoperationalongsidethenewExplorer X< program.After5years,inwhichtherewasampletimeto = makesuchobservations,thedecisionwasmadetorevise t> theprogram. .? ThenationalcommitteeonExploringworkedcloselywith EA theExploringDivisioninmakingrecommendationsforthis WB revision.Groupsofexperiencedvolunteersalsoassisted C especiallyintherevisionofadvancementrequirements. sD TheobjectwastomakeavailabletoSeaExploringsome -E oftheelementsofthenewExplorerprogramthathad ? F beenfoundeffective,whilepreservingtheintegrityof  G SeaExploringwithitstraditions.  [H Afterextensivefieldtesting,theExploringDivisionput  r J therevisedSeaExploringprogramintoeffect.Thiswas  , K doneinMay1966withaneweditiontitledSeaExploring > L Manual,writtenbyArthurN._Lindgren_.  M In1968,anewExploringDivision,BSAwasorganized  O andestablishedunderthedirectionofJohnM._Claerhout_, q P whoplacedanewemphasisonSeaExploringbynaming +Q WilliamJ._Lidderdale_ԀasthefirsttimedirectorofSea =R Exploringsince1935. S AfteranewnationalSeaExploringcommitteewas U formedwithMorganF._Fitch_,Jr.,aschairman,togive pV newnationalvolunteeremphasistothepromotionand *W supportofSeaExploring.Inresponsetofieldreaction, <X thenewHandbookforSkipperswaswrittenbyArthur Y _Lindgren_Ԁandpublishedin1971forSkippers,mates,ship XZ committeemembers,andotherrelatedadultleaders. j[ In1974,theU.S.Navyassignedaliaisonofficertowork )] intheBSAnationaloffice.Aseriesofofficersservedin ;^ thiscapacitythrough1983.Theirworkfurtherenriched _ andexpandedSeaExploring. W` SeaExploringleadersacrossAmericaweresaddenedby nb thedeathofCommanderThomasJ.Keanein1984.His (c pioneeringeffortsonbehalfofSeaScoutingextended :d oversixtyyears.Therichtraditionandlongtenureof e manySeaExplorershipsareatributetohiscareer. Vf Technologicalimprovementsinseamanship,extensive mh changesinaidstonavigation,andprogramimprovements  'i createdtheneedforanewSeaExploringManualinthe 9!j early1980's.LongtimeSeaExploringleader,BillMinto !k ofHouston,Texas,didmostofthetextrevisionwiththe "U l helpofDon_Callenius_ԀandBob_Maxfield_,formernational g#!m directorsofExploring,andMikeStrainofSanFrancisco. !$!n AnumberofBSASkippers,U.S.CoastGuardpersonnel, $"o andmaritimeexpertscontributedtothisrevision. %=#p AneweditionoftheSeaExploringManualwasproduced &T$r in1987,principallywrittenby m BillMinto,longtime f'%s CommodoreofSouthCentralRegion.In1998BSAs  (%t ExploringprogramwasreorganizedandSeaExploring (&u wasmovedtothenewVenturingDivision.SeaExploring )<'v formallyreturnedtoitsoriginalname,SeaScouting. N*'w (<X<@( +j)w @2 &2%   BOYSCOUTSOFAMERICANATIONALSEASCOUTINGCOMMITTEE   % &2